Laplace, a famous astronomer who was born in France in the 18th century, believed in the latter. He believed that objective laws and causal connections exist universally in nature and human society. Anything or event in the universe is and will always be the result of natural laws. In other words, everything has a cause and an effect. Mechanical determinism shrouded classical mechanics until quantum mechanics emerged, showing that elementary particles in the universe collapsed into a definite position of a probability wave at the moment of observation, and the determination of this "position" was considered to be a truly random event. But Einstein still believed that quantum mechanics, which exhibited pure randomness, was only a part of another, higher-dimensional, deterministic theory. As a rebuttal, the world remembers the phrase "God doesn't play dice." The story goes back to the dice. In fact, even if the dice is abstracted from the physical world and turned into an infinite polyhedron with a uniform mass and a shape close to a perfect sphere, it cannot be a counter-example for breaking through mechanical determinism.
But even so, this does not prevent an object with such a simple structure from having such profound metaphysical meaning. It is itself an imperfect random number generator. Today, from modern cryptography, industrial design to artificial intelligence, the need for random numbers is everywhere. With the development of classical computers and the emergence of quantum computers, more random number generators continue to appear, and then the laws are exposed under more powerful computing power and become ineffective. The search for a closer to perfect random number generator has been moving forward in parallel with the breakthrough of cutting-edge technology. A research team from the Australian National Observatory recently published a new Phone Number List study on ELSEVIER. A completely new method of random number capture has emerged and passed the NSP800 standard. This random number generator is located 510 light-years from Earth and is a pulsar.
Will the pulsar be that perfect dice? 1. Pulsars create random numbers A pulsar is a high-speed rotating neutron star, so named because it continuously emits electromagnetic pulses. Because of its extremely fast rotation speed (millisecond pulsar speed can reach 1000 revolutions per second) and extremely high celestial density (up to 1 billion tons per cubic centimeter), it has extremes that cannot be reproduced by laboratories on Earth. physical properties. One of the most well-known properties is that the rotation of pulsars has a very stable periodicity, which is the most accurate astronomical clock in nature. Although the process of consuming the rotation energy to make up for the outward radiation energy will cause the rotation to gradually slow down, this slowing down is very small, and the cycle stability can reach the minus 19th power of 10 - in other words, a pulsar The rotation period of the atomic clock will change by 1 second every 317 billion years, which is more than 10,000 times higher than that of the most stable hydrogen atomic clock.